{"id":6697,"date":"2024-06-01T14:58:11","date_gmt":"2024-06-01T12:58:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/the-new-index-for-estimating-the-size-of-hail\/"},"modified":"2024-06-01T14:59:00","modified_gmt":"2024-06-01T12:59:00","slug":"the-new-index-for-estimating-the-size-of-hail","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/en\/the-new-index-for-estimating-the-size-of-hail\/","title":{"rendered":"The new index for estimating the size of hail"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Hail<\/strong> events cause <strong>significant damage<\/strong> to <strong>agriculture<\/strong>, <strong>buildings<\/strong> and <strong>infrastructure<\/strong>, with profound implications for <strong>insurance markets<\/strong>. Hypermeteo, therefore, is addressing the following operational and pragmatic issues:<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n<li>Identifying the <strong>areas affected<\/strong> <strong>by<\/strong> <strong>hail<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accurately estimating the size<\/strong> of the hailstone.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/\"><strong>Hypermeteo<\/strong><\/a><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>has <strong>developed a specific index for estimating hail size<\/strong> and tested it in Italy. It is based on an <strong>innovative approach<\/strong>, made possible by the <strong>technologies<\/strong> and <strong>types of data<\/strong> available today, which <strong>integrates observed<\/strong> and <strong>modelled variables<\/strong>, allowing the <strong>algorithm to recognise the relevance of each piece of data<\/strong>. The model uses as measured data the <strong><em>Constant Altitude Plan Position Indicators<\/em><\/strong> (CAPPI) derived from the mosaic produced by the National <strong>Civil Protection<\/strong> Department&#8217;s <strong>weather radar network<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>To train the model, <strong>hail reports<\/strong> <strong>in Italy during the period August 2022 &#8211; August 2023<\/strong>, collected by the Italian association <a href=\"https:\/\/pretemp.altervista.org\/index.html\"><strong>PRETEMP<\/strong><\/a>, were used.<\/p>\n\n<p>These reports were validated and processed to reduce any errors in the temporal or geographical location of the phenomenon. The <strong>resulting database consists of approximately 3000 hail events<\/strong>, to which an equal number of non-hail events were added in order to obtain a <strong>dataset consisting of the greatest possible variety of case histories<\/strong> (approximately <strong>6000 in total<\/strong>) and thus sufficient for training the algorithm. These events were combined with <strong>radar<\/strong> and <strong>modelling variables<\/strong> and a <strong><em>machine learning<\/em> method for hailstone diameter recognition<\/strong>. The resulting model was then <strong>validated<\/strong> and <strong>tested<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p>Figure 1 shows the comparison between the observed diameters and those predicted during testing.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/diametro-grandine.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6678\" width=\"608\" height=\"435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/diametro-grandine.png 780w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/diametro-grandine-300x215.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/diametro-grandine-768x549.png 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Figure 1: Evolution of the hail diameter predicted by the method proposed by Hypermeteo (x-axis) versus the actual diameter (y-axis) considering the total of 6000 hail and non-hail events.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p>The results obtained allow us to conclude that the <strong>proposed index effectively identifies hail with diameters between 0 and 5 cm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Case Study<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>To illustrate the functioning of the index, a <strong>case study<\/strong> was selected to show the range of hail sizes in Italy during the documented events. The map below (Figure 2) shows a <strong>hail event<\/strong> affecting areas of Abruzzo and Molise on 4 July 2023, at about 13:30 UTC.<\/p>\n\n<p>The data obtained show that the <strong>model accurately detects the hail size<\/strong> and the <strong>geographical area actually affected by the hail events<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo-1024x726.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-6680\" width=\"590\" height=\"418\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo-1024x726.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo-768x545.png 768w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo-1536x1089.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/evento-grandine-Abruzzo.png 1842w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 590px) 100vw, 590px\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><em>Figure 2:\u00a0\u00a0Hail size estimation using the method proposed by Hypermeteo for 4 July 2023, at 13:30 UTC. PRETEMPS documented hail with a diameter of 2 cm in L&#8217;Aquila, Abruzzo region, and 1 cm in Capracotta, Molise region, at 13:20 UTC and 13:25 UTC respectively.<\/em><\/p>\n\n<div style=\"height:36px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\"><a href=\"mailto:info@hypermeteo.com?subject=Request%20information%20on%20the%20hail%20size%20estimation%20index\"><strong>Request more information<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hail events cause significant damage to agriculture, buildings and infrastructure, with profound implications for insurance markets. Hypermeteo, therefore, is addressing the following operational and pragmatic issues: Hypermeteo\u00a0has developed a specific index for estimating hail size and tested it in Italy. It is based on an innovative approach, made possible by the technologies and types of &hellip;<\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more\"> <a class=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.hypermeteo.com\/en\/the-new-index-for-estimating-the-size-of-hail\/\"> <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">The new index for estimating the size of hail<\/span> Read More &raquo;<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":6683,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"content-type":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":""},"categories":[32,10],"tags":[172,173,171,174,37],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.0 - 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